How to Calculate and Interpret Net Promoter Score (NPS) [Free Calculator]

How to calculate NPS is a critical task for customer service professionals who live and die based on those survey results. Your NPS score holds significant weight in gauging customer loyalty and satisfaction, and it’s a valuable instrument that can offer key insights into your customer base, health, and retention rates. It’s one of the key customer service stats.

Ready to jump into the world of NPS, learn how to calculate it, interpret it, and use it to drive your business forward? Let’s get started!

What is Net Promoter Score (NPS)?

Net Promoter Score, or NPS, is a metric of customer contentment and dedication. NPS represents the loyalty that motivates customers to become brand ambassadors and share your company’s products and services with others, ultimately driving new business.

Fred Reichheld, a partner at Bain & Company, invented NPS, unveiling it in his 2003 Harvard Business Review article “The One Number You Need to Grow.” Later, in collaboration with Bain & Company and Satmetrix, Reichheld refined the methodology. The simplicity and effectiveness of NPS have made it a popular metric among businesses for measuring customer loyalty and satisfaction.

How to Measure NPS

First, you must conduct a simple one-question NPS survey:

“How likely are you to recommend our company/product/service to a friend or colleague?”

The survey should be short and straightforward to reduce friction and increase responses. The industry standard NPS survey uses an 11-point scale from 0 to 10. This scale is the original method of calculating NPS as envisioned by its inventor, Fred Reichheld. We’ll discuss a 5-point scale later.

Once you’ve gathered your answers, it’s time to sort them. The responses are split into three groups:

• Detractors (0-6): The customers who aren’t pleased may risk your brand by spreading negative reviews.
• Passives (7-8): Content but not overly excited customers who other options may tempt.
• Promoters (9-10): Devoted fans who will continue buying and recommending other people, contributing to expansion.

NPS survey types

When should you present an NPS survey to a customer? Different types of NPS surveys are tailored to capture feedback at various stages or in different contexts. The most common are transactional surveys and relationship surveys. Let’s explore the full list:

1. Transactional NPS (tNPS):
   • Purpose: Measures customers’ immediate response after a specific transaction or interaction with a company (e.g., after a support call or product purchase).
   • Timing: Administered shortly after the specific event or interaction.
   • Use: Helps identify the effectiveness and satisfaction of particular touchpoints in the customer journey.
2. Relationship NPS (rNPS):
   • Purpose: Gauges the overall loyalty of customers to a brand or company rather than a specific interaction.
   • Timing: Administered periodically (e.g., quarterly or annually).
   • Use: Provides insights into the broader customer experience and overall sentiment towards the brand.
3. Product NPS:
   • Purpose: Focuses on feedback about a specific product or service.
   • Timing: Often administered after product updates, launches, or at regular intervals to current users.
   • Use: Helps companies understand how their products stand in terms of meeting customer expectations and areas for improvement.
4. Employee NPS (eNPS):
   • Purpose: Measures employee satisfaction and loyalty, asking how likely they are to recommend the company as a workplace.
   • Timing: Typically done bi-annually or annually.
   • Use: A tool for HR and management to assess workplace morale and areas of improvement.
5. Benchmarking NPS:
   • Purpose: Allows companies to compare their NPS scores with industry standards or competitors.
   • Timing: Varies depending on when benchmark data is available.
   • Use: Offers a relative perspective on performance and customer loyalty compared to the industry.

Regardless of the NPS survey type used, following up with open-ended questions is essential to understand the reasons behind the scores. This qualitative feedback provides actionable insights to address areas of concern and reinforce strengths.

Net Promoter Score Calculation

By dividing the overall number of respondents, you can determine the percentage of Detractors and Promoters, which is necessary to calculate a Net Promoter Score (NPS). After multiplying this result by 100, the percentage can be converted into a final number.

Here are the steps:

1. Calculate the percentage of Detractors: (Number of Detractors / Total NPS Survey Respondents) * 100
2. Calculate the percentage of Promoters: (Number of Promoters / Total NPS Survey Respondents) * 100

Calculate your NPS by subtracting the percentage of Detractors from the percentage of Promoters. The resulting number will be your NPS and can range from -100 (if all customers are Detractors) to 100 (if all customers are Promoters).

Net Promoter Score = Percentage of Promoters – Percentage of Detractors

Here’s a handy NPS calculator that makes it easy:

How to calculate NPS on a 5-point scale

The 11-point NPS scale is the industry standard. However, some organizations shorten it to a 5-point scale. This compact and popular scale is commonly used because of its simplicity, especially in mobile surveys where screen space is limited.

Regardless of which scale you use, it’s important to remain consistent. If you use an 11-point scale, don’t suddenly switch to a 5-point NPS scale and vice versa.

When transitioning from the typical 11-point scale to a 5-point scale, the classification of participants as Detractors, Passives, and Promoters changes:

• Detractors (1-3)
• Passives (4)
• Promoters (5)

The calculation formula remains stable despite the scale utilized, which is:

NPS = % Promoters – % Detractors

To calculate NPS on a 5-point scale, you would follow the same steps as with the 11-point scale:

• Categorize the responses into Detractors, Passives, and Promoters.
• Calculate the percentage of Detractors and Promoters by dividing the number of respondents in each category by the total number of respondents and multiplying by 100.
• Subtract the percentage of Detractors from the percentage of Promoters to get your NPS score.

NPS calculation examples

Let’s bring the concept of how to calculate NPS to life with some easy-to-follow NPS calculation examples.

NPS calculation example: 11-Point scale

Let’s say you’ve surveyed 100 customers and received the following feedback:

• 60 customers gave a score of 9 or 10 (Promoters)
• 20 customers gave a score of 7 or 8 (Passives)
• 20 customers gave a score of 0 to 6 (Detractors)

First, calculate the percentage of Promoters and Detractors:

• % Promoters = (60/100) * 100 = 60%
• % Detractors = (20/100) * 100 = 20%

Then, subtract the percentage of Detractors from the percentage of Promoters to get your NPS:

60% Promoters – 20% Detractors = 40 NPS

NPS calculation example: 5-Point scale

Now, let’s consider a 5-point scale with 100 responses:

• 50 customers gave a score of 5 (Promoters)
• 30 customers gave a score of 4 (Passives)
• 20 customers gave a score of 1 to 3 (Detractors)

Again, calculate the percentage of Promoters and Detractors:

• % Promoters = (50/100) * 100 = 50%
• % Detractors = (20/100) * 100 = 20%

Then, calculate the NPS score:

50% Promoters = 20% Detractors = 30 NPS

So, your NPS score is 30.

These examples show how to calculate NPS using both an 11-point and a 5-point scale. Remember, the NPS survey is a great tool for understanding customer loyalty and satisfaction. But the real value lies in using this metric to gain insights into your customer base and make informed decisions to improve customer satisfaction and loyalty. So, keep asking, keep calculating, and keep improving your business. The NPS score can be your lighthouse to growing your business.

How to calculate your NPS score in Excel

If you’re a fan of spreadsheets, you’ll be pleased to know that you can calculate your NPS score using Excel. It’s a straightforward process that can make analyzing your customer survey data a breeze. Let’s walk through the steps.

Step 1: Gather and input survey data

First, you’ll need to input your survey data into Excel. Let’s assume you have a column of survey responses ranging from 0 to 10 (or 1 to 5 if you use a 5-point scale).

Step 2: Categorize responses

Next, you must categorize the responses into Detractors, Passives, and Promoters. You can use the IF function in Excel to do this. For an 11-point scale, the formula would be `=IF(A2<=6, “Detractor”, IF(A2<=8, “Passive”, “Promoter”))`. For a 5-point scale, adjust the formula to `=IF(A2<=3, “Detractor”, IF(A2=4, “Passive”, “Promoter”))`.

Step 3: Calculate the percentages

Use the COUNTIF function to divide the total number of responses by the number of each category you have calculated. For instance, if you have 100 responses and your categories are in column B, the formula to determine the percentage of Promoters would be `=COUNTIF(B2:B101, “Promoter”)/100`. Once you’ve sorted all the responses, you can easily ascertain the percentage of Detractors and Promoters.

Step 4: Calculate NPS

Subtract the percentage of Defenders from the percentage of Supporters to calculate the NPS. It’s important to ensure the cell is formatted as a percentage—otherwise, it won’t look right.

NPS calculators

While Excel is a great tool for calculating your NPS score, a variety of online calculators and apps can simplify the process even further – especially if you need to work with other folks on your team to look at the data. Here are a few tools you might find useful:

1. Delighted’s NPS Calculator: This online tool calculates your NPS and provides insights into how your score compares to industry benchmarks. SurveyMonkey’s NPS Calculator: SurveyMonkey offers a comprehensive NPS calculator as part of its suite of survey tools. It’s a great option if you’re already using SurveyMonkey for your customer surveys.
2. HubSpot’s NPS Software: If you’re looking for a tool that integrates with your CRM, HubSpot’s NPS software could be a good fit. It allows you to track NPS over time, segment by customer group, and more.
3. Retently’s NPS Software: Retently provides a simple and intuitive platform for sending NPS surveys, analyzing responses, and improving customer loyalty
4. TextExpander’s NPS calculator: A simple and free tool to quickly calculate NPS.

Remember, the key to leveraging NPS is not just knowing how to calculate it, but understanding what the score means for your business and how to act on it. These tools can help you do that.

Wrap-up: what is a good NPS score?

What is a good NPS score? Short answer: it depends. However, a good NPS score is considered above 0, meaning more Promoters than Detractors, which is always a positive sign.

As with many aspects of business, the answer isn’t always easy to understand. World-class NPS scores above 70 are excellent and can vary widely depending on industry, region, and other factors.

In your quest to harness the potential of NPS, don’t overlook that its true value lies beyond just the numbers. Instead, focus on utilizing that data to propel your customer experience forward. Gain insights from the reasons behind the scores, take action based on customer feedback, and actively work towards converting Detractors into Passives and Passives into Promoters.

So, whether your NPS is -50 or +50, the most important thing is to use it as a tool for growth and as a guide for improving your business, products, and processes.

FAQ About NPS Scores

Q: How is NPS calculated?

A: The Net Promoter Score (NPS) is calculated by subtracting the percentage of detractors from the percentage of promoters. NPS is calculated based on a survey question that asks customers how likely they are to recommend a product or service to a friend or colleague. The responses are typically categorized into promoters, passives, and detractors. Promoters are considered highly likely to recommend, passives are neutral, and detractors are unlikely to recommend. To calculate NPS, the percentage of detractors is subtracted from the percentage of promoters. The resulting score can range from -100 to +100, with higher scores indicating higher levels of customer advocacy.

If every customer is a Promoter, the NPS score can reach 100. To calculate the NPS, subtract the percentage of Detractors from the percentage of Promoters. The score can range from -100 (if every customer is a Detractor) to 100.

Q: What is a good NPS score?

A world-class NPS score is considered above 70, while above 50 is excellent, and above 0 is generally good. Keep in mind that a good NPS score can vary due to factors like industry and region.

Improving your NPS score is an important goal for many businesses. Here are some tips to help you achieve this:

1. Focus on providing exceptional customer service and improving call center metrics. Ensure that your employees are well-trained and capable of delivering a positive customer experience.
2. Actively listen to your customers’ feedback and act on it. Implement changes based on their suggestions and address any concerns or issues they may have.
3. Personalize the customer experience by understanding their needs and preferences. Customize your products or services to meet their specific requirements.
4. Reward and retain loyal customers by offering exclusive deals or promotions.
5. Regularly monitor and track your NPS score to measure your progress and identify areas for improvement. By following these strategies, you can boost your NPS score and cultivate strong customer relationships

Improving your NPS score requires analyzing the reasoning behind it, taking action on customer feedback, and working towards converting Detractors into Passives and Passives into Promoters. The key is to make enhancements to your customer experience by utilizing the feedback you gather.

Free sample NPS survey: how to calculate NPS

You might consider using voice of the customer tools to distribute your NPS survey. Here’s a sample below that is a good starting point

On a scale of 0 to 10, with 0 being “Not at all likely” and 10 being “Extremely likely,” please indicate how likely you would be to recommend our services to others.

1. How likely are you to recommend our products/services to others?

2. Please share the reasons behind your rating. Your feedback will help us understand what aspects we do well at and what areas need improvement.

3. Are there specific features or services that stand out to you as particularly positive or valuable as a customer?

4 Are there any aspects of our products/services that you believe need improvement? If so, please provide details.

5. How satisfied are you with our customer support team?

6. If you encountered any challenges while using our services, did our team adequately address and resolve them to your satisfaction?

7. How likely are you to continue using our services in the future?

8. Do you have any additional comments, suggestions, or ideas for us to consider as we aim to improve our services?