500+ of the Most Useful Keyboard Shortcuts to Work Faster

Keyboard shortcuts are the cornerstone of office efficiency. Awkwardly mousing through menus saps your time and breaks your flow. Learning just a handful of keyboard shortcuts is a game-changer for how you work. Some of the most common and useful that work in most programs:

Ctrl + C: Copy.

Ctrl + V: Paste.

Ctrl + X: Cut.

Ctrl + Z: Undo.

Ctrl + A: Select all.

Alt + Tab: Switch between open apps on Windows.

Command (⌘) + Tab: Switch between open apps on a Mac.

A quick note for Mac users: While most of the keyboard shortcuts in this set of lists are tailored to Windows, they’re easily translated to the Mac. Instead of pressing Ctrl, you usually press Command (⌘) instead, and you usually press Option instead of Alt.

What are keyboard shortcuts and hotkeys?

Keyboard shortcuts and hotkeys let you do more with fewer clicks. They’re simple key combinations that perform actions you’d normally do with a mouse—like copying text, switching apps, or saving a file.

You’ve probably used a few without thinking about it.

But the real advantage comes when you start using them consistently, across tasks.

So, what’s the difference?

Keyboard shortcuts are combinations like Ctrl + C or Command + C that trigger actions in software or the operating system. They work across most apps and devices.

Hotkeys are often assigned to specific functions. On Windows, Alt + F4 closes a window. On Mac, Command + Q quits an app. Some apps let you create your own hotkeys.

The terms are often used interchangeably—and that’s fine. What matters is that they help you move faster and keep your hands on the keyboard.

The basics of keyboard shortcuts

Some shortcuts come up all the time—copying, pasting, saving, or switching apps. These are the ones worth learning first, no matter what kind of computer you use.

Everyday keyboard shortcuts (Windows and Mac)

Action | Windows | Mac
Copy | Ctrl + C | Command + C
Paste | Ctrl + V | Command + V
Cut | Ctrl + X | Command + X
Undo | Ctrl + Z | Command + Z
Redo | Ctrl + Y | Command + Shift + Z
Save | Ctrl + S | Command + S
Open new window | Ctrl + N | Command + N
Print | Ctrl + P | Command + P
Find | Ctrl + F | Command + F
Select all | Ctrl + A | Command + A

Switching and closing apps

Action | Windows | Mac
Switch apps | Alt + Tab | Command + Tab
Close window | Alt + F4 | Command + W or Command + Q
Lock screen | Windows + L | Control + Command + Q

You don’t need to memorize everything at once. Just pick a few you’ll use often and practice them during your regular workflow. The more you use them, the faster they’ll stick.

Hotkeys for typing: save time with every keystroke

Typing faster isn’t just about how quickly you hit the keys—it’s also about how efficiently you move, delete, and format text. These hotkeys help you do all that without taking your hands off the keyboard.

Text navigation and editing (Windows)

Ctrl + Backspace: Delete the previous word

Ctrl + Delete: Delete the next word

Ctrl + Left/Right Arrow: Move cursor one word at a time

Shift + Arrow keys: Select text by character

Ctrl + Shift + Left/Right Arrow: Select text by word

Ctrl + Home / Ctrl + End: Jump to top or bottom of document

Ctrl + B / I / U: Bold, italicize, underline

Text navigation and editing (Mac)

Option + Delete: Delete the previous word

Fn + Delete: Forward delete (delete next character)

Option + Left/Right Arrow: – Move cursor one word at a time

Shift + Arrow keys: Select text by character

Option + Shift + Left/Right Arrow: Select text by word

Command + Up/Down Arrow: Jump to top or bottom of document

Command + B / I / U: Bold, italicize, underline

If you write or edit often, these shortcuts can save minutes on every task. Start using a few in your next email or document. You’ll notice the difference right away.

Keyboard shortcuts for computers and laptops

Whether you’re on a laptop or desktop, certain keyboard shortcuts can help you move faster, manage windows, and stay organized—all without touching the mouse.

Computer hotkeys (Windows)

Windows + D: Show or hide desktop

Windows + L: Lock your screen

Alt + F4: Close the active window

Windows + E: Open File Explorer

Windows + Tab: Open Task View

Ctrl + Shift + Esc: Open Task Manager

Alt + Enter: Show file or folder properties

Windows + Arrow keys: Snap windows to sides or corners

Laptop-specific tips (Windows)

Fn + Function keys (F1–F12): Adjust volume, brightness, keyboard backlight, or media playback (varies by model)

Computer hotkeys (Mac)

Command + Option + D: Show or hide the Dock

Control + Command + Q: Lock your screen

Command + W: Close the active window or tab

Command + Space: Open Spotlight search

Control + Up Arrow: Mission Control (view all open windows)

Command + Tab: Switch between apps

Command + Option + Esc: Force quit an app

Command + Left/Right Bracket: Navigate back or forward in Finder and browsers

Laptop-specific tips (Mac)

Fn + F1–F12 – Adjust brightness, volume, or media (default behavior unless modified in System Settings)

These shortcuts aren’t just time-savers—they help you rely less on trackpads or external mice, especially when you’re working on the go. Try using keyboard hotkeys throughout your day and see how much smoother everything feels.

Repetitive typing shortcuts

Fumbling through menus robs you of your time, but another common culprit is typing the same things over and over. How many times per day do you type:

Your name

Your company’s name

Common greetings

Start paying attention today and identify when you type something that you’ve already typed out earlier in the day. That is an opportunity to use​​ a TextExpander Snippet to speed up your workflow. TextExpander lets you type something short, like myname, that expands to something longer, like, well, your name. And those Snippets can be about as long as you like, encompassing entire email messages or even entire Shakespeare plays! You can also customize Snippets with custom Fill-in fields, optional sections, and other goodies. Try it today with a 30-day trial.

Microsoft Windows 11 keyboard shortcuts

Here’s a list of some of the most useful Windows 11 keyboard shortcuts to help streamline your workflow:

General shortcuts

Ctrl + C: Copy.

Ctrl + V: Paste.

Ctrl + X: Cut.

Ctrl + Z: Undo.

Ctrl + Y: Redo.

Ctrl + A: Select all.

Alt + Tab: Switch between open apps.

Alt + F4: Close the current app or window.

Ctrl + Shift + Esc: Open Task Manager.

File Explorer shortcuts

Windows + E: Open File Explorer.

Alt + D: Select the address bar in File Explorer.

Ctrl + N: Open a new File Explorer window.

Ctrl + Shift + N: Create a new folder.

F2: Rename the selected item.

Window management

Windows + D: Show or hide the desktop.

Windows + Left Arrow: Snap the current window to the left.

Windows + Right Arrow: Snap the current window to the right.

Windows + Up Arrow: Maximize the window.

Windows + Down Arrow: Minimize or restore the window.

Windows + Tab: Open Task View (view of open windows and desktops).

Virtual desktops

Windows + Ctrl + D: Add a new virtual desktop.

Windows + Ctrl + Right Arrow: Switch to the next virtual desktop.

Windows + Ctrl + Left Arrow: Switch to the previous virtual desktop.

Windows + Ctrl + F4: Close the current virtual desktop.

Accessibility shortcuts

Windows + Plus (+): Open Magnifier.

Windows + Minus (-): Zoom out in Magnifier.

Windows + A: Open Quick Settings (volume, brightness, etc.).

Windows + L: Lock your PC.

App and system controls

Windows + I: Open Settings.

Windows + S: Open Search.

Windows + X: Open the Quick Link menu (context menu with common tools).

Windows + R: Open the Run dialog box.

Widgets and miscellaneous

Windows + W: Open the Widgets panel.

Windows + H: Open voice typing.

Windows + K: Connect to wireless displays and audio devices.

Windows + Shift + S: Take a screenshot (Snip & Sketch).

Microsoft Windows 10 keyboard shortcuts

Here’s a list of the most useful Windows 10 keyboard shortcuts to help boost your productivity:

General shortcuts

Ctrl + C: Copy.

Ctrl + V: Paste.

Ctrl + X: Cut.

Ctrl + Z: Undo.

Ctrl + Y: Redo.

Ctrl + A: Select all.

Alt + Tab: Switch between open apps.

Alt + F4: Close the current app or window.

Ctrl + Shift + Esc: Open Task Manager.

File Explorer shortcuts

Windows + E: Open File Explorer.

Alt + D: Select the address bar in File Explorer.

Ctrl + N: Open a new File Explorer window.

Ctrl + Shift + N: Create a new folder.

F2: Rename the selected item.

Window management

Windows + D: Show or hide the desktop.

Windows + Left Arrow: Snap the current window to the left side of the screen.

Windows + Right Arrow: Snap the current window to the right side of the screen.

Windows + Up Arrow: Maximize the current window.

Windows + Down Arrow: Minimize or restore the current window.

Windows + Tab: Open Task View (view of open windows and desktops).

Virtual desktops

Windows + Ctrl + D: Add a new virtual desktop.

Windows + Ctrl + Left Arrow: Switch to the previous virtual desktop.

Windows + Ctrl + Right Arrow: Switch to the next virtual desktop.

Windows + Ctrl + F4: Close the current virtual desktop.

Accessibility shortcuts

Windows + Plus (+): Open Magnifier.

Windows + Minus (-): Zoom out in Magnifier.

Windows + A: Open Action Center (quick settings and notifications).

Windows + L: Lock your PC.

System and app shortcuts

Windows + I: Open Settings.

Windows + S: Open Search.

Windows + X: Open the Quick Link menu (for fast access to common system tools).

Windows + R: Open the Run dialog box.

Screen and snipping

Windows + PrtScn: Take a screenshot of the entire screen and save it to the Pictures folder.

Windows + Shift + S: Take a partial screenshot (Snip & Sketch tool).

Miscellaneous shortcuts

Windows + P: Choose a presentation display mode (extend or duplicate screens).

Windows + H: Start voice dictation.

Windows + K: Open the Connect pane (connect to wireless displays and audio devices).

Windows + G: Open the Game Bar for capturing and streaming gameplay.

Chromebook keyboard shortcuts

Here’s a list of essential Chromebook keyboard shortcuts to help you navigate and enhance your productivity:

General shortcuts

Ctrl + C: Copy.

Ctrl + V: Paste.

Ctrl + X: Cut.

Ctrl + Z: Undo.

Ctrl + Y: Redo.

Ctrl + A: Select all.

Ctrl + P: Print.

Alt + E: Open the browser menu.

Window and tab management

Ctrl + T: Open a new tab.

Ctrl + W: Close the current tab.

Ctrl + Shift + T: Reopen the last closed tab.

Ctrl + L: Highlight the address bar.

Ctrl + Tab: Switch to the next tab.

Ctrl + Shift + Tab: Switch to the previous tab.

Ctrl + N: Open a new window.

Ctrl + Shift + N: Open a new incognito window.

Alt + Tab: Switch between open windows.

Alt + [: Snap window to the left.

Alt + ]: Snap window to the right.

Navigation and searching

Ctrl + F: Find on page.

Ctrl + G: Find the next match for your search.

Ctrl + Shift + G: Find the previous match.

Ctrl + L: Go to the address bar.

Ctrl + K or Ctrl + E: Perform a search from the address bar.

Alt + Left Arrow: Go back to the previous page.

Alt + Right Arrow: Go forward to the next page.

System and settings

Ctrl + Shift + Q (twice): Sign out of your Google account.

Ctrl + Shift + L: Lock your Chromebook screen.

Ctrl + Alt + ?: Open the keyboard shortcut viewer.

Alt + Shift + S: Open the status area (system tray).

Alt + Shift + M: Open the Files app.

Ctrl + Shift + =: Zoom in.

Ctrl + –: Zoom out.

Ctrl + 0: Reset zoom to default.

Accessibility shortcuts

Ctrl + Search + H: Turn on High Contrast mode.

Ctrl + Search + D: Enable Dictation.

Ctrl + Search + M: Toggle magnifier mode.

Ctrl + Shift + U: Undock the ChromeVox spoken feedback toolbar (for screen readers).

Screenshot shortcuts

Ctrl + Show Windows (F5): Take a screenshot of the entire screen.

Ctrl + Shift + Show Windows (F5): Take a partial screenshot by selecting an area.

Miscellaneous shortcuts

Search + L: Lock your Chromebook.

Search + Esc: Open Task Manager.

Ctrl + Alt + /: Show all keyboard shortcuts.

Search + Shift + T: Launch Google Keep (if installed).

Mac keyboard shortcuts

Here’s a list of some of the most useful Mac keyboard shortcuts to enhance your productivity:

General shortcuts

Command (⌘) + C: Copy.

Command (⌘) + V: Paste.

Command (⌘) + X: Cut.

Command (⌘) + Z: Undo.

Command (⌘) + Shift + Z: Redo.

Command (⌘) + A: Select all.

Command (⌘) + P: Print.

Command (⌘) + S: Save.

Window and application management

Command (⌘) + Q: Quit the current app.

Command (⌘) + W: Close the active window.

Command (⌘) + N: Open a new window or document.

Command (⌘) + T: Open a new tab.

Command (⌘) + Tab: Switch between open apps.

Command (⌘) + Option + Esc: Force quit an app.

Command (⌘) + M: Minimize the active window.

Command (⌘) + H: Hide the current app.

Command (⌘) + Spacebar: Open Spotlight Search.

Control + Command (⌘) + F: Enter or exit full-screen mode.

File and folder management

Command (⌘) + Delete: Move the selected item to the Trash.

Command (⌘) + Shift + Delete: Empty the Trash.

Command (⌘) + D: Duplicate the selected file.

Command (⌘) + I: Get info about the selected file or folder.

Command (⌘) + Option + Y: Quick Look preview of a selected item.

System and settings

Command (⌘) + Shift + 3: Take a screenshot of the entire screen.

Command (⌘) + Shift + 4: Take a screenshot of a selected area.

Command (⌘) + Shift + 5: Open the screenshot toolbar for more options.

Command (⌘) + ,: Open preferences for the current app.

Command (⌘) + Control + Power Button: Force restart your Mac.

Navigation

Command (⌘) + Left Arrow: Move to the beginning of the line or paragraph.

Command (⌘) + Right Arrow: Move to the end of the line or paragraph.

Command (⌘) + Up Arrow: Scroll to the top of a webpage or document.

Command (⌘) + Down Arrow: Scroll to the bottom of a webpage or document.

Finder shortcuts

Command (⌘) + Option + Spacebar: Open a new Finder window with Spotlight search.

Command (⌘) + Shift + N: Create a new folder.

Command (⌘) + Option + L: Open the Downloads folder.

Command (⌘) + K: Connect to a server.

Accessibility shortcuts

Option + Command (⌘) + F5: Open Accessibility Options.

Control + Option + Command (⌘) + 8: Toggle Zoom.

Command (⌘) + Option + 8: Invert display colors.

Text editing

Command (⌘) + B: Bold selected text.

Command (⌘) + I: Italicize selected text.

Command (⌘) + U: Underline selected text.

Option + Delete: Delete the word to the left of the cursor.

Microsoft Word keyboard shortcuts

Here’s a list of some of the most useful Microsoft Word keyboard shortcuts to boost your productivity while working on documents:

General shortcuts

Ctrl + C: Copy.

Ctrl + V: Paste.

Ctrl + X: Cut.

Ctrl + Z: Undo.

Ctrl + Y: Redo.

Ctrl + A: Select all.

Ctrl + S: Save.

Ctrl + P: Print.

Ctrl + O: Open an existing document.

Text formatting

Ctrl + B: Bold the selected text.

Ctrl + I: Italicize the selected text.

Ctrl + U: Underline the selected text.

Ctrl + Shift + K: Convert selected text to small caps.

Ctrl + Shift + =: Superscript.

Ctrl + =: Subscript.

Ctrl + Shift + >: Increase font size.

Ctrl + Shift + <: Decrease font size.

Paragraph formatting

Ctrl + E: Center align text.

Ctrl + L: Left align text.

Ctrl + R: Right align text.

Ctrl + J: Justify text.

Ctrl + M: Indent a paragraph.

Ctrl + Shift + M: Remove paragraph indent.

Ctrl + 1: Single-line spacing.

Ctrl + 2: Double-line spacing.

Ctrl + 5: 1.5-line spacing.

Document navigation

Ctrl + Home: Move to the beginning of the document.

Ctrl + End: Move to the end of the document.

Ctrl + G: Go to a specific page, section, line, or bookmark.

Ctrl + F: Open the Find tool to search for text.

Ctrl + H: Open the Replace tool to find and replace text.

Ctrl + Arrow Keys: Move the cursor word by word or paragraph by paragraph.

Selection shortcuts

Ctrl + Shift + Left/Right Arrow: Select one word to the left or right.

Ctrl + Shift + Up/Down Arrow: Select one paragraph up or down.

Shift + Left/Right Arrow: Select one character at a time.

Shift + Up/Down Arrow: Select one line up or down.

Table shortcuts

Tab: Move to the next cell.

Shift + Tab: Move to the previous cell.

Alt + Home: Move to the first cell in the row.

Alt + End: Move to the last cell in the row.

Alt + Page Up: Move to the first cell in the column.

Alt + Page Down: Move to the last cell in the column.

Page and section management

Ctrl + Enter: Insert a page break.

Ctrl + Shift + Enter: Insert a column break.

Ctrl + Shift + D: Double underline the selected text.

Alt + Ctrl + P: Switch to print layout view.

Alt + Ctrl + N: Switch to draft view.

Review and proofing

F7: Run a spell check.

Shift + F7: Open the Thesaurus.

Alt + Shift + C: Accept changes in a tracked changes document.

Alt + Shift + R: Reject changes in a tracked changes document.

Special characters and symbols

Ctrl + Alt + M: Insert a comment.

Ctrl + Alt + F: Insert a footnote.

Ctrl + Alt + D: Insert an endnote.

Alt + Ctrl + K: Insert a hyperlink.

Microsoft Excel keyboard shortcuts

Here’s a list of essential Microsoft Excel keyboard shortcuts that can significantly improve your productivity when working with spreadsheets:

General shortcuts

Ctrl + N: Create a new workbook.

Ctrl + O: Open an existing workbook.

Ctrl + S: Save the current workbook.

Ctrl + P: Print the current worksheet.

Ctrl + W: Close the current workbook.

Ctrl + C: Copy the selected cells.

Ctrl + V: Paste the copied content.

Ctrl + X: Cut the selected cells.

Ctrl + Z: Undo the last action.

Ctrl + Y: Redo the last undone action.

Navigation shortcuts

Arrow Keys: Move one cell in any direction.

Ctrl + Arrow Keys: Jump to the edge of data in any direction.

Ctrl + Home: Move to the beginning (A1 cell) of the worksheet.

Ctrl + End: Move to the last used cell in the worksheet.

Page Up/Page Down: Move up or down one screen at a time.

Alt + Page Up/Page Down: Move one screen to the left or right.

Cell formatting

Ctrl + B: Bold the selected text.

Ctrl + I: Italicize the selected text.

Ctrl + U: Underline the selected text.

Ctrl + 1: Open the Format Cells dialog box.

Ctrl + Shift + $: Apply currency format.

Ctrl + Shift + %: Apply percentage format.

Ctrl + Shift + #: Apply date format.

Selection shortcuts

Ctrl + A: Select the entire worksheet.

Shift + Arrow Keys: Extend the selection by one cell.

Ctrl + Shift + Arrow Keys: Extend the selection to the last non-empty cell.

Shift + Space: Select the entire row.

Ctrl + Space: Select the entire column.

Ctrl + Shift + Space: Select the entire worksheet.

Data entry and editing

F2: Edit the active cell.

Ctrl + Enter: Fill the selected cells with the current entry.

Alt + Enter: Insert a line break within a cell.

Ctrl + D: Fill down (copy data from the cell above to the selected cells below).

Ctrl + R: Fill right (copy data from the cell on the left to the selected cells to the right).

Formula and calculation

Alt + =: AutoSum the selected range.

Ctrl + `: Toggle showing formulas instead of calculated values.

Ctrl + Shift + Enter: Enter an array formula.

F9: Calculate all worksheets in all open workbooks.

Shift + F3: Open the Insert Function dialog box.

Sheet and workbook management

Ctrl + Page Up/Page Down: Move between worksheet tabs.

Shift + F11: Insert a new worksheet.

Ctrl + Shift + F11: Insert a macro sheet.

Alt + H + O + R: Rename the current worksheet.

Rows and columns

Ctrl + Shift + “+”: Insert a new row or column.

Ctrl + “-“: Delete the selected row or column.

Ctrl + 9: Hide the selected row(s).

Ctrl + 0: Hide the selected column(s).

Ctrl + Shift + 9: Unhide hidden rows.

Ctrl + Shift + 0: Unhide hidden columns.

Filters and data handling

Ctrl + Shift + L: Apply or remove filters.

Alt + Down Arrow: Open the drop-down list for the selected cell.

Ctrl + T: Create a table from the selected data.

Miscellaneous

Ctrl + F: Open the Find dialog box.

Ctrl + H: Open the Replace dialog box.

Ctrl + K: Insert a hyperlink.

Ctrl + Shift + U: Expand or collapse the formula bar.

Alt + Enter: Insert a line break in a cell.

Gmail keyboard shortcuts

Here’s a list of some of the most useful Gmail keyboard shortcuts to boost your productivity:

General actions

C: Compose a new email.

R: Reply to the current email.

A: Reply all to the current email.

F: Forward the current email.

Shift + U: Mark as unread.

E: Archive the email.

#: Delete the email.

G + I: Go to inbox.

G + S: Go to starred conversations.

G + D: Go to drafts.

Navigation

J: Move to the newer conversation.

K: Move to the older conversation.

N: Move to the next message within a conversation.

P: Move to the previous message within a conversation.

/: Search your mail.

Formatting and writing

Ctrl + B: Bold text.

Ctrl + I: Italicize text.

Ctrl + U: Underline text.

Ctrl + K: Insert a hyperlink.

Shift + Tab: Move to the previous field while composing (e.g., from the body to the subject line).

Conversation and thread management

M: Mute the conversation.

Shift + I: Mark as read.

L: Label a conversation.

Special actions

Y: Remove from the current view (Inbox, Label, etc.).

Z: Undo the last action.

.: Open the More actions menu.

Google Docs keyboard shortcuts

Here’s a list of useful Google Docs keyboard shortcuts that can help streamline your document creation and editing:

General shortcuts

Ctrl + C: Copy.

Ctrl + V: Paste.

Ctrl + X: Cut.

Ctrl + Z: Undo.

Ctrl + Y: Redo.

Ctrl + S: Save (Google Docs autosaves, but this forces a manual save).

Ctrl + A: Select all.

Ctrl + P: Print the document.

Text formatting

Ctrl + B: Bold the selected text.

Ctrl + I: Italicize the selected text.

Ctrl + U: Underline the selected text.

Ctrl + Shift + X: Strikethrough the selected text.

Ctrl + Shift + C: Word count.

Ctrl + K: Insert a hyperlink.

Paragraph formatting

Ctrl + E: Center align text.

Ctrl + L: Left align text.

Ctrl + R: Right align text.

Ctrl + J: Justify text.

Ctrl + Shift + 7: Create a numbered list.

Ctrl + Shift + 8: Create a bulleted list.

Ctrl + M: Indent the paragraph.

Ctrl + Shift + M: Remove indentation.

Ctrl + Shift + L: Apply the normal text style.

Document navigation

Ctrl + Home: Go to the beginning of the document.

Ctrl + End: Go to the end of the document.

Ctrl + F: Find text in the document.

Ctrl + H: Open the find and replace tool.

Alt + Up/Down Arrow: Jump to the next or previous paragraph.

Selecting text

Ctrl + Shift + Right/Left Arrow: Select one word to the right or left.

Ctrl + Shift + Up/Down Arrow: Select one paragraph up or down.

Shift + Right/Left Arrow: Select one character at a time.

Shift + Up/Down Arrow: Select one line up or down.

Inserting and managing content

Ctrl + Shift + V: Paste without formatting.

Ctrl + Alt + M: Insert a comment.

Ctrl + Alt + Shift + A: Open the comments thread.

Ctrl + Alt + F: Insert a footnote.

Ctrl + Enter: Insert a page break.

Working with tables

Tab: Move to the next cell in a table.

Shift + Tab: Move to the previous cell.

Ctrl + Alt + Shift + T: Insert a table.

Headers and footers

Ctrl + Alt + O, then H: Insert a header.

Ctrl + Alt + O, then F: Insert a footer.

View and accessibility

Ctrl + Alt + G: Open the document outline.

Ctrl + Shift + F: Enable full-screen mode.

Ctrl + Alt + N, then H: Move to the next heading.

Ctrl + Alt + N, then L: Move to the next list item.

Collaboration

Ctrl + Alt + Shift + I: View document details (collaborators, version history).

Alt + Shift + C: Open the revision history.

Voice typing

Ctrl + Shift + S: Start or stop voice typing (if enabled).

These shortcuts will help you navigate, format, and collaborate more efficiently in Google Docs!

Google Sheets keyboard shortcuts

Here’s a list of essential Google Sheets keyboard shortcuts to improve your efficiency when working with spreadsheets:

General shortcuts

Ctrl + C: Copy.

Ctrl + V: Paste.

Ctrl + X: Cut.

Ctrl + Z: Undo.

Ctrl + Y: Redo.

Ctrl + S: Save (although Google Sheets autosaves).

Ctrl + A: Select all.

Ctrl + P: Print the spreadsheet.

Navigation

Arrow Keys: Move one cell in any direction.

Ctrl + Arrow Keys: Move to the edge of data in a row or column.

Ctrl + Home: Move to the beginning (A1 cell) of the sheet.

Ctrl + End: Move to the last used cell.

Page Up/Page Down: Move up or down one screen.

Alt + Shift + K: Open the context menu (right-click menu).

Editing

F2: Edit the active cell.

Ctrl + Enter: Fill selected cells with the same value.

Ctrl + D: Fill down.

Ctrl + R: Fill right.

Ctrl + Shift + V: Paste without formatting.

Alt + Enter: Insert a line break within a cell.

Formatting

Ctrl + B: Bold the selected text.

Ctrl + I: Italicize the selected text.

Ctrl + U: Underline the selected text.

Ctrl + Shift + 5: Apply strikethrough.

Ctrl + Shift + 1: Apply number format.

Ctrl + Shift + 4: Apply currency format.

Ctrl + Shift + 2: Apply time format.

Ctrl + Shift + 3: Apply date format.

Rows and columns

Ctrl + Space: Select the entire column.

Shift + Space: Select the entire row.

Ctrl + Shift + “+”: Insert a new row or column.

Ctrl + “-“: Delete the selected row or column.

Alt + I, then R: Insert a new row above.

Alt + I, then C: Insert a new column to the left.

Selection shortcuts

Shift + Arrow Keys: Extend the selection by one cell.

Ctrl + Shift + Arrow Keys: Select to the last non-empty cell in a row or column.

Ctrl + Shift + Space: Select the entire sheet.

Working with sheets

Ctrl + Shift + K: Insert a new sheet.

Ctrl + Page Up/Page Down: Switch between sheets.

Alt + Shift + S: Open the sheet menu (to rename, delete, or duplicate a sheet).

Formulas and calculations

Alt + =: Insert the sum function.

Ctrl + `: Toggle between displaying formulas and values.

Shift + F3: Open the Insert Function dialog box.

F4: Toggle absolute and relative references in a formula.

Filters and data

Ctrl + Shift + L: Apply or remove a filter.

Alt + Down Arrow: Open the drop-down list in a filtered column.

Ctrl + F: Open the Find box to search within the sheet.

Ctrl + H: Open the Find and Replace box.

Miscellaneous

Ctrl + K: Insert a hyperlink.

Ctrl + Alt + Shift + M: Insert a comment.

Ctrl + Alt + Shift + A: Open the comment thread.

Ctrl + Shift + E: Open Explore for data insights.

These shortcuts will help you work more effectively with data in Google Sheets, whether you’re formatting cells, navigating large datasets, or applying formulas!

Chrome browser shortcuts

Here’s a list of useful Google Chrome browser keyboard shortcuts to enhance your web browsing experience:

Tab and window management

Ctrl + T: Open a new tab.

Ctrl + W: Close the current tab.

Ctrl + Shift + T: Reopen the last closed tab.

Ctrl + N: Open a new window.

Ctrl + Shift + N: Open a new incognito window.

Ctrl + Tab: Move to the next tab.

Ctrl + Shift + Tab: Move to the previous tab.

Ctrl + 1-8: Switch to a specific tab by number (1-8).

Ctrl + 9: Switch to the last tab.

Alt + Tab: Switch between open Chrome windows (or other open apps).

Ctrl + L: Highlight the address bar (omnibox).

Navigation

Alt + Left Arrow: Go back to the previous page.

Alt + Right Arrow: Go forward to the next page.

Ctrl + R or F5: Reload the current page.

Shift + F5 or Ctrl + Shift + R: Reload the current page and ignore cached content.

Esc: Stop loading the page.

Home: Scroll to the top of the page.

End: Scroll to the bottom of the page.

Bookmark and history

Ctrl + D: Bookmark the current page.

Ctrl + Shift + D: Save all open tabs as bookmarks in a new folder.

Ctrl + H: Open the history page.

Ctrl + J: Open the downloads page.

Search and find

Ctrl + F: Find text on the current page.

Ctrl + G: Find the next match for your search.

Ctrl + Shift + G: Find the previous match.

Ctrl + K or Ctrl + E: Search directly from the address bar (omnibox).

Zoom and display

Ctrl + “+”: Zoom in.

Ctrl + “-“: Zoom out.

Ctrl + 0: Reset zoom to default.

F11: Enter or exit full-screen mode.

Developer tools

Ctrl + Shift + I: Open Developer Tools.

Ctrl + Shift + J: Open the JavaScript Console.

Ctrl + U: View the page source.

Other useful shortcuts

Ctrl + Shift + B: Show or hide the bookmarks bar.

Ctrl + Shift + Delete: Open the Clear Browsing Data dialog.

Ctrl + Shift + M: Switch between different Chrome profiles.

Ctrl + P: Print the current page.

Ctrl + S: Save the current page.

Ctrl + Shift + O: Open the bookmarks manager.

Ctrl + Shift + T: Reopen recently closed tabs.

Safari browser shortcuts

Here’s a list of essential Safari browser keyboard shortcuts to help you navigate more efficiently:

Tab and window management

Command (⌘) + T: Open a new tab.

Command (⌘) + W: Close the current tab.

Command (⌘) + Shift + T: Reopen the last closed tab.

Command (⌘) + N: Open a new window.

Command (⌘) + Shift + N: Open a new private browsing window.

Command (⌘) + Option + W: Close all open tabs.

Command (⌘) + Tab Number (1-8): Switch to a specific tab.

Command (⌘) + L: Highlight the address bar.

Control + Tab: Switch to the next tab.

Control + Shift + Tab: Switch to the previous tab.

Navigation

Command (⌘) + Left Arrow: Go back to the previous page.

Command (⌘) + Right Arrow: Go forward to the next page.

Command (⌘) + R: Reload the current page.

Command (⌘) + Shift + R: Reload the page without using cached content.

Esc: Stop loading the page.

Search and find

Command (⌘) + F: Find text on the current page.

Command (⌘) + G: Find the next match for your search.

Command (⌘) + Shift + G: Find the previous match.

Command (⌘) + Option + F: Perform a search in the Smart Search Field.

Bookmarks and history

Command (⌘) + D: Bookmark the current page.

Command (⌘) + Option + B: Open the bookmarks sidebar.

Command (⌘) + Option + 1: Open the Reading List sidebar.

Command (⌘) + Option + 2: Open the History sidebar.

Command (⌘) + Y: Open the History page.

Zoom and display

Command (⌘) + Plus (+): Zoom in.

Command (⌘) + Minus (-): Zoom out.

Command (⌘) + 0: Reset zoom to default.

Command (⌘) + Control + F: Enter or exit full-screen mode.

Developer tools

Command (⌘) + Option + I: Open the Web Inspector (Developer Tools).

Command (⌘) + Option + U: View page source.

Reading and focus mode

Command (⌘) + Shift + R: Enter Reader mode for clutter-free reading.

Command (⌘) + Esc: Exit Reader mode.

Miscellaneous

Command (⌘) + Shift + H: Go to your homepage.

Command (⌘) + ,: Open Safari preferences.

Command (⌘) + Option + S: Show or hide the status bar.

Command (⌘) + Option + L: Show or hide the downloads list.

Command (⌘) + Shift + I: Send the current page by email.

Command (⌘) + Option + E: Empty Safari’s cache.

Advanced hotkeys and functions you should know

Once you’ve got the basics down, there’s a whole set of shortcuts that can help you move even faster. These aren’t just about typing—they’re about managing your entire workspace more efficiently.

Window and workspace management

Windows + Left/Right Arrow: Snap windows to sides (Windows)

Windows + Ctrl + D: Create a new virtual desktop (Windows)

Windows + Ctrl + Left/Right Arrow: Switch between virtual desktops (Windows)

Command + Control + Left/Right Arrow: Switch Spaces (Mac)

Control + Up Arrow: Open Mission Control (Mac)

Command + H: Hide current window (Mac)

Command + Option + M: Minimize all windows (Mac)

Browser navigation

Ctrl + T / Command + T: Open a new tab

Ctrl + Shift + T / Command + Shift + T: Reopen the last closed tab

Ctrl + Tab / Command + Option + Right Arrow: Switch to next tab

Ctrl + W / Command + W: Close current tab

Ctrl + L / Command + L: Jump to the address bar

Editing and formatting (for writers and editors)

Ctrl + K / Command + K: Insert a hyperlink (in many apps)

Ctrl + Shift + V / Command + Shift + V: Paste without formatting

Ctrl + Shift + L / Command + Shift + 7: Bullet list (in Google Docs)

Alt + Shift + 5 / Command + Shift + X: Strikethrough (in Google Docs)

Once you start using these shortcuts daily, you’ll notice fewer interruptions in your workflow. You’ll click less, move faster, and focus better. Pick two or three new ones to try. See which ones stick. Then add more as you go.

How to remember and practice keyboard shortcuts

Knowing a shortcut is one thing. Actually using it every day is what makes the difference. Like any habit, it takes a little time—but the payoff is huge.

Here’s how to make it stick:

Start with shortcuts you use often: If you’re copying and pasting all day, lock in Ctrl + C/V (or Command + C/V). Don’t try to learn everything at once.

Add two or three new shortcuts each week: Write them down or stick a note near your screen. Focus on real tasks where those shortcuts apply.

Practice them while you work: Resist the urge to reach for your mouse. Force yourself to use the keys, even if it feels slower at first.

Use tools like TextExpander: Create snippets that remind you of your top shortcuts or even trigger long strings of text with just a few keystrokes.

Keep a cheat sheet nearby: Whether it’s printed, bookmarked, or saved in your notes, having a quick reference helps reinforce what you’re learning.

Over time, these keyboard hotkeys become second nature. You’ll spend less time clicking around and more time getting work done. It’s a small change, but it adds up fast.

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